Solar Water Heating System Maintenance and Repair

Solar energy systems require periodic inspections and routine maintenance to keep them operating efficiently. Also, from time to time, components may need repair or replacement.

You might be able to handle some of the inspections and maintenance tasks on your own, but others may require a qualified technician.

For help finding a qualified technician, see the Learn More resources listed on the right side of this page (or below if you’ve printed out this page). Ask for a cost estimate in writing before having any work done. For some systems, it may be more cost effective to replace, shut off, or remove the solar system than to have it repaired.

Periodic Inspection List

Here are some suggested inspections of solar system components. Also read your owner’s manual for a suggested maintenance schedule.

• Collector shading

  Visually check for shading of the collectors during the day (mid-morning, noon, and mid-afternoon) on an annual basis. Shading can greatly affect the performance of solar collectors. Vegetation growth over time or new construction on your house or your neighbor’s property may produce shading that wasn’t there when the collectors were installed.

• Collector soiling

  Dusty or soiled collectors will perform poorly. Periodic cleaning may be necessary in dry, dusty climates.

• Collector glazing and seals

  Look for cracks in the collector glazing, and check to see if seals are in good condition. Plastic glazing, if excessively yellowed, may need to be replaced.

• Plumbing, ductwork, and wiring connections

  Look for fluid leaks at pipe connections. Check duct connections and seals. Ducts should be sealed with a mastic compound. All wiring connections should be tight.

• Piping, duct, and wiring insulation

  Look for damage or degradation of insulation covering pipes, ducts, and wiring.

• Roof penetrations

  Flashing and sealant around roof penetrations should be in good condition.

• Support structures

  Check all nuts and bolts attaching the collectors to any support structures for tightness.

• Pressure relief valve (on liquid solar heating collectors)

  Make sure the valve is not stuck open or closed.

• Dampers (in solar air heating systems)

  If possible, make sure the dampers open and close properly.

• Pumps or blowers

  Verify that distribution pumps or blowers (fans) are operating. Listen to see if they come on when the sun is shining on the collectors after mid-morning. If you can’t hear a pump or blower operating, then either the controller has malfunctioned or the pump or blower has.

• Heat transfer fluids

  Antifreeze solutions in liquid (hydronic) solar heating collectors need to be replaced periodically. It’s a task best left to a qualified technician. If water with a high mineral content (i.e., hard water) is circulated in the collectors, mineral buildup in the piping may need to be removed by adding a de-scaling or mild acidic solution to the water every few years.

• Storage systems

  Check storage tanks, etc., for cracks, leaks, rust, or other signs of corrosion.

Source: EERE, U.S. Department of Energy

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